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Revolutionary Activities In 1889: Early Life. Gorky (a pen name meaning "bitter") was born Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov on March 16 (New Style, March 28), 1868, in Nizhni Novgorod (later renamed "Gorky" in his honor). His father died early in Gorky's life, and the boy supported himself by working in shops and on Volga River steamers. In 1884 he failed in an attempt to enter Kazan University. Arrested for revolutionary activities in 1889, Gorky thereafter remained under police surveillance.
Social settlements and parish houses were among the first popular efforts to house and supervise recreational and cultural activities for children and adults, Hull House in Chicago, established 1889, being one of the earliest and best known. One of the earliest of the organizations for youth, developed throughout the country, was the Young Men's Christian Association with its buildings usually including a gymnasium, game rooms and a swimming pool.
8. Quoted by Nancy Newhall, "Emerson's Bombshell," Photography, vol. 1 (Winter 1947) p. 114.
9.The British Journal of Photography, vol. 36 (September 13, 1889), p. 611.
10. Henry Peach Robinson, 'Picture-Making by Photography, 2d ed. (London: Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ltd., 1889), p. 135.
11.The Amateur Photographer, vol. 9 (April 26, 1889), p. 270.
12. Peter Henry Emerson, The Death of Naturalistic Photography (privately published, 1890).
13. Peter Henry Emerson, Marsh Leaves (London: D. Nutt, 1895). |
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