|
|
Part In Activities Of Varying: Hillman (1993) analysed these trends in terms of 'independent mobility', that is, children's freedom to take part in outdoor activities, and found that there had been a decline with time. His survey of 7-11 year olds found a significant reduction in independent mobility between 1971 and 1990. For example, only one quarter of that group were allowed to use their cycles on the road in 1990, compared with that physical activities are important for health and fitness, but this does not necessarily lead them to take part in such activities; infants and even older children seem to have an innate sense of immortality, and long-term health benefits lack immediate appeal.
The third type consists of chains that have integrated their activities still further by the performance of manufacturing activities. This group overlaps with the second in that its members ordinarily also operate wholesale distribution centers. Complete or partial ownership of subsidiary manufacturing companies is common among national general merchandise chains, as is strong control over the activities of supplying manufacturers by furnishing specifications and taking all or a substantial part of their output.
As will be seen later, in order for exercise to promote short-term fitness gains and enhance long-term health and well-being, children should regularly take part in activities of varying intensity, a number of days a week. The actual levels of physical activity in young children are notoriously difficult to measure; many of the standard procedures used with adults, such as self-reporting, measuring energy intake, heart rate monitoring and observation, can be inappropriate and problematic with infants. |
|
|
|
|
