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Medicine And Confucian: Through the centuries Confucian teachings set a pattern, or ideal, for the structure of the family and of Chinese society at large. However, although the Confucian elite was charged with the task of spreading Confucian ideals downward through society, the peasant classes had difficulty in learning and practicing the Confucian social pattern because of economic strictures on them. Still, these classes looked to the local elite who, being better off economically, could better practice the social and family duties preached by Confucius.
Although Wu Ti exercised a strong personal rule, he sought talented and trained men to help administer the empire. Recognizing that most of these were Confucian in outlook, he sponsored Confucianism and banned from his court supporters of the Legalist philosophy, which had been dominant in the Ch'in dynasty. In 135 he established official specialists of the Five Classics (q.v.)—the works now considered to embody the essence of Confucian wisdom—and in 124 he founded an academy in which prospective government officials received a Confucian education under the specialists. Eventually, much of the lower bureaucracy was composed of men whom the government had given a Confucian education.
HASHIMOTO, ha-she-mo-to, Sanai (1834-1859), Japanese political leader at the end of the Tokugawa era, who advocated the restoration of power to the emperor. Hashimoto was born in Fukui on June 18, 1834. He studied medicine and Confucian thought in Osaka and Edo (Tokyo). |
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