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Failing Health And Increasingly: COURTNEY R. HALL, Queens College City University of New York GREEN, John Richard (1837-1883), English historian. He was born in Oxford on Dec. 12, 1837, and graduated in 1859 from Jesus College, Oxford. For the next 10 years he served churches in the London area as curate or vicar. Failing health and increasingly liberal views caused him to leave clerical life, however, and from 1869 he was librarian at Lambeth.
Since 1920, the U.S. government had been subsidizing the development of public health programs in the states through grants-in-aid and other methods. The states, however, were under no compulsion to accept such assistance; but if they did, they were required to conform to federal standards and guidelines that were occasionally considered to be onerous. Moreover, the amount and kinds of assistance provided by the federal programs often were not tailored to the needs of the individual states. Federal coordination became increasingly difficult and public health programs became more and more fragmented. Population growth and expanding technology made the problems of state and local public-health administration more complex, and the public demand to share in the fruits of the advances of the health sciences increased.
In 1968 the Public Health Service was reorganized into three separate health agencies: the Health Services and Mental Health Administration, the National Institutes of Health, and the Consumer Protection and Environmental Health -Service, including the Food and Drug Administration, one of the agencies originally transferred into the Federal Security Agency in 1939. These three health agencies are directed by the assistant secretary for health and scientific affairs, who is aided by the surgeon general of the Public Health Service. |
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